AgResearch scientist Dr Dave Leathwick, builds a strong case for thinking twice about the practice that is routinely carried out by around 80 per cent of sheep farmers as part of their pre-lamb animal health treatments.
Key points
- Financial return to the farmer is driven more by the number of lambs weaned than by any increase in liveweight due to drenching.
- Treated ewes may wean more lambs, but may wean fewer lambs – scientists don’t understand why.
- Benefits from long-acting drench treatments appear to decline after the pay-out period of the drugs.
- Low Body Condition Score ewes cannot be linked to parasites.
- Young lambs can be exposed to drench in utero or from the day they are born.
- Long-acting drenches cause changes in the rumen microbiome.
- Still a lot to know about drenches and their impact.
- Feed is far more critical in the pre-lamb period than drench.
Do ewes really need a pre-lamb drench?
AgResearch scientist Dr Dave Leathwick, builds a strong case for thinking twice about the practice that is routinely carried out by around 80 per cent of sheep farmers as part of their pre-lamb animal health treatments.
Speaking on a recent webinar, Dr Leathwick says pre-lambing drenching is ingrained in farmers psyche, despite there being a degree of conjecture and uncertainty about the benefits of the practice.
He says trials first carried out in the 1960s and 70s showed inconsistent benefits from drenching ewes either pre- or post-lambing and subsequent trials have reinforced these findings.
The practice also increases the risk of selecting for drench resistant parasites, particularly when long-acting products are used.
Seven years ago, AgResearch helped two groups of farmers carry out 14 anthelmintic trials on eight farms in the Wairarapa over two years. The trials were looking at a number of variables including the financial benefits of a pre-lamb treatment with a long-acting drench and what treatments were the most effective.
A cost-benefit analysis of the treatments was carried out and showed 47% of the treatments to ewes resulted in a net financial loss, some as much as $10/ewe.
This was because some of the treated ewes in the trials actually weaned fewer lambs than the un-drenched cohort.
A follow-up study looking specifically at whether there was a survival advantage of disadvantage to drenching ewes pre-lamb was carried out across New Zealand. While, as before, there was a wide variation between treated and untreated ewes and between farms, on average there was no advantage or disadvantage to lamb survivability.
But the question remained about whether a drench treatment could result in lamb deaths persisted. As part of the investigation into this question, Dr Leathwick’s group have shown that Macrocyclic Lactone (ML) drenches are passed to the young lamb in the ewe’s milk and that Moxidectin can be transferred across the placenta and enter the foetus. “We don’t know yet whether these findings are important or not but it seem to be an issue worthy of further study”
Drench and Body Condition – no correlation
One of the more surprising findings of the Wairarapa trials was the lack of correlation between Body Condition Score and anthelmintic treatment or Faecal Egg Counts.
Body Condition Score was largely irrelevant in terms of the scale of the response to treatment.
Scientists found that over the period from pre-lambing to weaning, a proportion of the ewes increased in body condition, a proportion lost body condition and some stayed the same irrespective of drench treatments.
Dr Leathwick says there was no evidence to show that skinny ewes were affected by parasites any more than fat ewes, and they could not show that there was any greater benefit to pre-lamb drenching ewes in low body condition. “However, there may be other benefits, such as ewe survival over winter that we did not measure” he cautioned.
In another, more recent trial, AgResearch found a short-lived liveweight response to drench capsules and injectables in low body condition score ewes but most of this advantage did not persist through until weaning. He cites several previous New Zealand studies which have shown the same thing. The benefit measured at the time these long-acting drenches cease working is reduced with time afterwards as the untreated ewes tend to catch-up.
Long-acting drenches affect rumen composition
Benzimidazoles are a fungicide, MLs are antibiotics and some inhibit fungal growth while ivermectin is a potent anti-viral drug.
So, what happens if antibiotics and fungicides are placed in the rumen for 100 days – as is the case with long-acting drench products?
An AgResearch study sampled the rumen of 300 ewes after being drenched with different drench compounds and found that there were significant changes to the rumen composition. Scientists are yet to determine what this may mean for the ewe’s health and performance.
Dr Leathwick says that the take-home message is that there is still much we do not understand about parasites, their effect on the sheep and what we are doing when we administer drenches. Work is on-going, but he urges farmers to reconsider what they are getting from their pre-lamb drench programme.
For more information about internal parasite control, including a podcast by Dr Leathwick, visit: https://beeflambnz.com/search?term=Internal+Parasite